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Pradeep, S.
- Volume Estimation of Existing and Potential Glacier Lakes, Sikkim Himalaya, India
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PDF Views:87
Authors
Affiliations
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology and Climate Change, Development Area, Gangtok 737 101, IN
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
2 Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology and Climate Change, Development Area, Gangtok 737 101, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 620-627Abstract
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a hazard commonly reported in the glaciated terrain of the Himalaya. Glacier lakes can form if the glaciers retreat and the bottom topography overdeepens. We have adopted a technique to estimate the depth and volume of lakes using parameters such as glacier surface velocity, slope and laminar flow of ice. The technique has been automated using Python programming language. The method was applied in the Sikkim Himalaya to map potential lake sites and also to predict further expansion of existing glacier lakes. Studies were carried out for ten glaciers in the Tista river basin. The analysis suggests nine potential lake sites, including further expansion of four existing glacier lakes. To validate the results, the model lake boundary in 2001 was compared with the satellite-observed value of 2015 and field measurements made at the South Lhonak lake. The volume of the South Lhonak lake (in 2015) was estimated as 60 ± 10.8 million m3; with prolonged retreat of the glacier, the lake is likely to expand to a maximum volume of 90 ± 16.2 million m3. The above technique can provide new information to planners, leading to a more realistic approach in understanding the disaster potential of glacier lakes.Keywords
Glacier Lakes, Depth and Volume Estimation, Remote Sensing, Disaster Potential, Over Deepening.References
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- Large Losses in Glacier Area and Water Availability by the End of Twenty-First Century under High Emission Scenario, Satluj Basin, Himalaya
Abstract Views :259 |
PDF Views:83
Authors
Veena Prasad
1,
Anil V. Kulkarni
1,
S. Pradeep
1,
S. Pratibha
1,
Sayli A. Tawde
2,
Tejal Shirsat
1,
A. R. Arya
1,
Andrew Orr
3,
Daniel Bannister
3
Affiliations
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, IN
2 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, GB
1 Divecha Centre for Climate Change, IN
2 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, GB
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 10 (2019), Pagination: 1721-1730Abstract
Glaciers in the Satluj river basin are likely to lose 53% and 81% of area by the end of the century, if climate change followed RCP 8.5 scenario of CNRMCM5 and GFDL-CM3 models respectively. The large variability in area loss can be due to difference in temperature and precipitation projections. Presently, Satluj basin has approximately 2000 glaciers, 1426 sq. km glacier area and 62.3 Gt glacier stored water. The current mean specific mass balance is –0.40 m.w.e. a–1. This will change to –0.42 and – 1.1 m.w.e. a–1 by 2090, if climate data of CNRM-CM5 and GFDL-CM3 are used respectively. We have used an extreme scenario of GFDL-CM3 model to assess the changes in the contribution of glacier melt to the Bhakra reservoir. Mass balance model suggests that glaciers are contributing 2 km3 a–1 out of 14 km3 of water. This will increase to 2.2 km3 a–1 by 2050, and then reduce to 1.5 km3 a–1 by the end of the century. In addition, loss in glacier area by the end of century, will also increase the vulnerability of mountain communities, suggesting need for better adaptation and water management practices.Keywords
Climate Change, Glacier, Glacier Melt Runoff, Himalaya, Mass Balance, Satluj Basin, Water Availability.References
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